BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The human red nucleus is not a uniform structure. It is composed of caudally located magnocellular and rostrally located parvicellular subnuclei. In fact, the latter forms the bulk of the human red nucleus and can be subdivided histologically by two medullary lamellae into three parts. Because iron is deposited in the human red nucleus and gradient-echo sequences are more...

Elasmobranch fishes have an electroreceptive system which they use for prey detection and orientation. Sensory inputs in this system are corrupted by a form of reafference generated by the animal's own ventilation. However, we show here that in the carpet shark, Cephaloscylium Isabella, as in two previously studied batoid species, this ventilatory 'noise' is reduced by sensory processing within...

bstract—In the last 15 years a role has been ascribed for the edullary dorsal reticular nucleus as a supraspinal pain modlating area. The medullary dorsal reticular nucleus is reciproally connected with the spinal dorsal horn, is populated mainly y nociceptive neurons and regulates spinal nociceptive proessing. Here we analyze the distribution of brain projections rom the medullary dorsal retic...

The distribution of neurons in the medullary reticular formation (RF) activated by the ingestion of sucrose or rejection of quinine was examined using standard immunohistochemical techniques to detect the expression of the Fos protein product of the immediate-early gene c-fos. Double-labeling techniques were used to gain further insight into the possible functional significance of RF neurons ex...

The laryngeal chemoreflex (LCR) induces apnea, glottis closure, bradycardia and hypertension in young and maturing mammals. We examined the distribution of medullary nuclei that are activated by the LCR and used immunofluorescent detection of Fos protein as a cellular marker for neuronal activation to establish that the medullary catecholaminergic and serotoninergic neurons participate in the m...

FEF is innervated by nuclei in the thalamus bordering the internal medullary lamina, mainly the lateral part of the mediodorsal nucleus and the medial part of the ventroanterior nucleus. The thalamic zones most heavily connected with FEF are themselves innervated by oculomotor afferents from the intermediate layer of the superior colliculus, the substantia nigra pars reticulate, and the dentate...

Synaptic connections between medullary expiratory neurons and phrenic motoneurons were studied in anesthetized cats using spike-triggered averaging of synaptic noise in phrenic motoneurons. Monosynaptic inhibition of phrenic motoneurons originating from the rostral medullary expiratory neurons of the Bötzinger complex was revealed. Neither mono- nor disynaptic inhibition from expiratory neurons...